Vânia Bogorny,  Cirano Iochpe. 

The Open GIS Consortium (OGC) has proposed a standard for the software architecture of geographicinformation systems (GIS) in order to enable interoperability among different GIS products. The so-called Abstract Model does not support spatial constraints yet, although most of the later proposals of GIS conceptual data models already do. This paper presents an extension of OGC? Abstract Model that enables both definition and support of spatial constraints based on topological relations.

http://www.lbd.dcc.ufmg.br:8080/colecoes/sbbd/2001/009.pdf

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