Antonio J. Ginés,  Eduardo J. Peralías,  Adoración Rueda. 

This paper presents a technique for background calibration of pipeline ADCs with multi-bit stages, based on an adaptive approach. Different implementations of the LMS algorithm have been studied, concluding that the traditional SS-LMS (sign-sign LMS) algorithm has inherent convergence problems in high accuracy ADCs that can be solved considering an SD-LMS (sign-data LMS) implementation.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8726/27627/01232847.pdf?tp=&arnumber=1232847&isnumber=27627

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